The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle has a broad role in moving the lower part of the pharynx. The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle can merge with superior pharyngeal constrictor, or posterior part of pharyngobasilar fascia. All these branches and nerves come from the vagus nerve (CN X). The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle can be supplied by branches from the pharyngeal plexus, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, or a combination of these (the recurrent laryngeal nerve being the most common innervation of the cricopharyngeal part). It is sometimes referred to as the cricopharyngeal inlet. The cricopharyngeal part is synonymous with the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), which controls the opening of the cervical esophagus. The inferior fibers are horizontal and continuous with the circular fibers of the esophagus the rest ascend, increasing in obliquity, and overlap the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The thyropharyngeal part mainly uses type 2 fibres (anaerobic), while the cricopharyngeal part mainly uses type 1 fibres (aerobic). From the cricoid cartilage, it arises in the interval between the cricothyroid muscle in front, and the articular facet for the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage behind.įrom these origins, the fibers spread backward and medially to insert with the muscle of the opposite side into the fibrous pharyngeal raphe in the posterior median line of the pharynx.
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